【英文】美国众议院中国特别工作组报告：中国是本世纪最大的挑战（142页）

Key Finding: The CCP has taken steps over the past decade to rapidly modernize and strengthen its patent system  to better compete with the U.S. The CCP has realized that a robust patent system creates powerful incentives for  innovation, technological development, and economic growth. Continuing to improve the U.S. patent system is vital  to maintaining our technological leadership and the competitiveness of the U.S. innovation economy. Therefore, it is  critical to ensure that the U.S. Patent and Trademark Ofce (USPTO) is operating efectively and has the resources  necessary to accomplish its mission. The U.S. patent system has helped foster U.S. leadership in technology for over a century, and the CCP seeks to replicate  that success in the PRC. For example, more international patent applications under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT)  have come from the U.S. than any other nation each year since the PCT entered into force in 1978, until the PRC overtook  the U.S. for the frst time in 2019.257 This recent lead in the annual rate of new patent application flings does not yet  indicate that the PRC’s patent system has surpassed the U.S. patent system, particularly given the PRC patent system  was moribund for decades. When considered with other available information on the impact of the CCP’s technology  policies, however, it appears it is quickly catching up to the U.S.

The U.S. needs fexible STEM-capable workers at every  education level to spur innovation and meet the demands  of U.S. companies and the industries of the future. A  competitive U.S. workforce also requires an education  system responsive to the needs of workers pursuing  upskilling opportunities throughout their life. Middle-skill  jobs, or positions that require education beyond high  school but not a baccalaureate degree, will be the plurality  of job openings (48 percent) through 2024.260 Advances  in technology and automation will require workers to learn  new skills and adapt to diferent occupations. A report by  the McKinsey Global Institute estimates that 166 million  U.S. workers, or up to 32 percent of the workforce, may  need to switch occupational categories between 2016  and 2030.261 The efects of the COVID-19 pandemic  increase the urgency of those projections.  The U.S. needs to improve federal investments in  education to meet the demands of the 21st century and  provide opportunities to all Americans.