【英文】彼得森经济研究所报告：2021年美国重振全球经济的政策重点（43页）

Background: US trade policy should ideally achieve several goals, including cooperatively  working with other countries to reciprocally reduce trade barriers and further economic  expansion for Americans. But as the current political debate suggests, US trade policy  must be seen as serving America’s workers if it is to sustain public support. The Trump  administration’s current approach of unilateralism and tariffs fails along each of these  dimensions, including by neglecting workers. The World Trade Organization (WTO) and  China may have disappointed the administration with some adverse rulings and actions, but  both the WTO and China must be handled and not ignored. Trade should be a presidential  priority, and the US Trade Representative (USTR) must reestablish and maintain bipartisan  support in Congress and with the American people to promote global engagement and US  leadership. PRIORITY 1: Reset with allies and define common interests Rebuilding trust with allies is a necessary first step to defining a common interest and action plan to ensure long-term cooperation in areas of joint concern involving China and the WTO. 

The United States must begin by removing all bilateral tariff actions with economic allies.  Eliminating costly retaliation facing American exporters will require removing the US  tariffs on steel and aluminum, which impose needless costs on American metal-using  industries and do little to protect America’s national security. It will require negotiating a  durable solution with the European Union to the long-running disputes over subsidies to  Boeing and Airbus. It will involve supporting the Treasury Secretary in Organization for  Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) negotiations on multilateral tax reform  and to resolve concerns over trading partners’ digital services tax regimes.  The United States should unilaterally drop the artificial targets of the purchase  commitments in the US-China “phase one” agreement, as these do not encourage trade  liberalization or market reform. The failure to negotiate Chinese tariff reductions means  the incentives for China to fulfill its commitments arise by its state-owned enterprises, and  not its private sector, increasing purchases. The targets also encourage China to divert trade  away from US allies, undermining multilateral cooperation. Finally, they have not worked  (see figure on next page).