【英文】欧洲智库报告：2021年的世界：将影响国际议程的十个问题（20页）

Tourism was another of the sectors most affected by the  pandemic. According to the World Tourism Organization barometer, international tourist arrivals fell by 70%  in January–August 2020 compared to the same period  in 2019. That means 700 million fewer international  tourist arrivals a loss of $730 billion in revenue – more  than eight times the loss recorded in 2009 due to the  impact of the global economic crisis. That the prospects  for recovery in the first half of 2021 do not seem encouraging leaves some economies and territories that  overly depend on tourism in a very delicate situation. Thailand is a paradigmatic case, where the unprecedented contraction of its economy fuelled a new wave  of protests in late 2020. It is a precedent that will raise  alarms in other tourist destinations in the Mediterranean and Caribbean. Alongside this immediate concern,  many of these countries will have to address the debates on tourism sustainability and economic recovery  and diversification strategies, while at the same time  handling the social consequences of any change. 

Consumption is another area where habit changes  have accelerated. The blow has been especially hard  in sectors like catering, culture and retail. In terms of  the model, it has also called into question the attractiveness of the large commercial spaces that have come  to shape half of the world’s urban planning. Numerous articles and reports argue that traders should not  bet on a return to pre-pandemic normality but commit  to realigning their business model. What are the challenges at international level? The coronavirus crisis has  given a major spur to the delivery industry and the  phenomenon of delivery riders has placed the focus  back on working conditions, with governments and  policymakers all looking to each other for the best solution. As we shall see below, lockdown has also been a  springboard for the digital giants, increasing the urgency for governments to control monopolistic tendencies,  ensure consumer protection and prevent fiscal haemorrhaging. Achieving this would require some degree of  international coordination.