【英文】国际战略研究中心报告：美国联盟的新时代（46页）

英文研究报告 2021年01月19日 07:29 1 管理员

U.S. global leadership has been insufcient over the past four years, too often relying on an empty chair or hollow words when key interests are at stake. Close U.S. allies—such as Japan in Asia and Germany in Europe—have stepped into more active roles. But that space has also been flled by Russia and, especially, China, whose aggressive authoritarian actions are now the greatest challenge the United States faces.1 Te best way to meet today’s challenges is to reinvest in U.S. allies and partners and shape new mechanisms for cooperative action on twenty-frst century issues. Geopolitics in coming decades will be substantially defned by economic competition. Tose countries that lead in emerging technologies and shape technical standards will enjoy returns that extend into strategic advantage. Tis is a vital arena in which the United States and its allies must do more to cooperate and compete. Economic, technological, information, human security, and military power now intersect to make many of the challenges our world faces horizontal, but our organizations remain vertical.

The United States must adapt its alliance system to a world that is more multipolar, more interconnected, and less manageable through siloed frameworks. America’s adversaries have leveraged “gray zone” measures short of war to chip away at the credibility of the U.S. alliance system. Te world order for which the United States and U.S. allies stand has been undermined by Russia’s annexation of Crimea and China’s coercive expansionism in the South China Sea. And the greatest U.S. economic accomplishments of the last 30 years engender interdependencies that create risk as well as reward. Americans might be tempted to retreat from the world. But U.S. leaders cannot follow that route if the United States is to confront tomorrow’s challenges, whether climate crises, gray zone provocations, or military confrontations. America’s allies have always been a force multiplier, and in this new era they should form the basis for cooperation not just on the battlefeld but in the economic and technological spheres.