【英文】中国政策对全球半导体创新的影响（61页）

The four main types of semiconductor are logic chips, memory (usually dynamic random-access  memory (DRAM) or NAND) chips, analog chips (those which generate a signal or transform signal  characteristics, and which are especially prevalent in automotive and audio applications), and  discrete chips (ones designed to perform specific electronic functions). In terms of market share  by location of company headquarters for each major segment of the global semiconductor  industry, in 2019, the United States led clearly in logic and analog, South Korea led in memory,  (followed by the United States), and European firms led in discrete semiconductors. Chineseheadquartered companies registered but a 9 percent share of the logic market sector and a 5  percent share of the discrete sector. Moreover, as this report shows, if not for massive Chinese  government interventions to stand up a domestic industry, Chinese-headquartered companies  likely wouldn’t even have had these shares. (See figure 3.)

In 2019, the logic segment accounted for $107 billion in global sales, memory for $106 billion,  and analog for $54 billion.9 Intel is the world’s leader in logic chip market share. Texas  Instruments, Analog Devices, and Infineon account for the market leaders in the analog chip  market, with market shares of 19, 10, and 7 percent, respectively, as of Q1 2020. 10 Samsung and SK Hynix (both headquartered in South Korea) followed by Micron (United States) lead the  world in DRAM production, accounting respectively for 44 percent, 29 percent, and 21 percent  of global market share as of Q1 2020.11 Intel, Samsung, TSMC, SK Hynix, and Micron led  competitors in final forecasted 2020 semiconductor sales. (See Table 1.) This table also shows  the strength of the U.S. fabless sector: U.S.-domiciled semiconductor design companies  accounted for 65 percent of fabless global sales in 2019, with leaders including Qualcomm.  Broadcom, NVIDIA, Apple, and AMD.