【英文】ITIF报告：中国重商主义政策对全球高铁创新的影响（102页）

Japanese firms’ role in the global rail market reflects the fact that high-speed trains were pioneered in post-war Japan in the 1950s and early 1960s with the construction of the  Shinkansen bullet trains. Ever since it was launched for the 1964 Olympic Games in Tokyo, the  Shinkansen has remained a source of national pride in Japan. These firms and the government  continue to invest in high-speed trains and rail networks. In July 2020, Central Japan Railway  introduced the next-generation Shinkansen, the N700S, which reaches a maximum speed of  300 kph.65 Indicative of the development challenges involved in high-speed rail, it is the first  fully remodeled bullet train in 13 years.

 In 2019, Japan started testing the ALFA-X version of the  Shinkansen train, which can run at speeds up to 360 kph, with plans to bring it into service  after 2030.66 Hitachi and Kawasaki Heavy Industries are two of the main manufacturers of Shinkansen trains,  which are thus the basis for both of their exports and international projects. For example,  Taiwan’s high-speed rail network uses both Kawasaki and Hitachi trains, while a range of lines in  the United Kingdom use Hitachi’s Shinkansen technology. Kawasaki’s exports in China are  likewise based on Shinkansen technology (see the annex case study).