【英文】哈佛大学肯尼迪学院报告：主权和数据本地化（34页）

An increasingly common way for a nation to assert data sovereignty, particularly if the country is not in a dominant position of geopolitical power,  is to pass data localization measures. Generally, governments want to  claim sovereignty over their citizens’ data no matter where or by whom it  is stored. In the strictest sense, forced data localization means data created  within State borders must stay within those borders13.  Domestic storage aims to increase control over citizen data by bringing  decision making and access rights within jurisdictional boundaries. It also  serves to put foreign companies at a disadvantage relative to domestic  companies.

It is generally a policy introduced at the government level that  all organizations operating in that country must abide. Particularly in the  course of criminal investigations or regulatory activity, access to this data  can be important. Further, as citizens become increasingly engaged in both  technology products and their policies, political commitment to personal  privacy can be persuasive at the ballot box. If data isn’t stored or processed  locally, there can be much confusion and concern about which sovereign  nation’s laws should apply to that data in which circumstances. Data localization seeks to simplify this.