【英文】WTO报告：2021年世界贸易统计评论（136页）

This publication presents recent trends in world trade  and seeks to provide statistical insights on the trade impact  of COVID-19. In 2020, the value of world merchandise exports declined  by 8 per cent while services trade contracted by 21 per cent.  The most severe impacts of the pandemic were felt in the  second quarter of the year, when services trade dropped  by a record 30 per cent as travel and transport were severely  affected, while goods trade fell by 23 per cent, both in  value terms.  Trade began to recover as of mid-2020, but the effects of  COVID-19 have varied significantly across countries and  regions. In volume terms, which strip out the effects of  fluctuating prices, Asia’s merchandise trade was down by only  0.5 per cent in 2020, compared to the global decline of 5.3 per  cent. Asia’s resilience was due to the relative success of many  countries at containing the virus’s spread in early 2020,  together with the region’s role as a leading global supplier  of consumer goods and medical products. In the first quarter  of 2021, merchandise export volumes were up in Asia and  Europe. 

They were down slightly in South and Central America  and North America, and more substantially in Africa and the  Middle East. Across manufacturing sectors, the automotive  sector suffered the most, with world exports dropping by 16  per cent in 2020. Meanwhile global exports of textiles grew by  16 per cent, driven by an increase in the production of personal  protective equipment (PPE). Exports of medical products,  including medicines, medical equipment and PPE, rose by  more than 16 per cent, underscoring how trade has been a  lifeline for access to critical goods through the pandemic, after  the initial disruptions. Global value chains were severely disrupted during the first half  of 2020. World exports of intermediate goods decreased by  10 per cent year-on-year. Trade was more resilient in value  chains for high-tech goods and pharmaceutical/medical  products. Trade in intermediate goods across countries started  to recover in the third quarter of 2020.  As of the first quarter of 2021, global trade in commercial  services remained 9 per cent lower than in the same period  in 2020. The travel sector was the most affected, as border  closures, quarantine requirements, lockdowns, and other  restrictions caused global travel exports to decline by 62 per  cent in 2020. In contrast, demand for computer services was  buoyant, reflecting the shift to remote work and the growth in  digital platforms.