【英文】德银报告：全球宏观策略报告，变得更加悲观（52页）

Initially, responses to the COVID-19 outbreaks in Asia varied considerably across  economies. Eventually, everyone had imposed restrictions on international  travelers – either outright bans or lengthy quarantine and monitoring requirements  – but these took many weeks to implement in some places. Most countries, but not  all, closed schools quickly; places of worship were encouraged, if not forced, to  cease public worship in most places; and large group meetings and events were  likewise discouraged. But most of China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea and  Taiwan were not ‘locked down’ as has been attempted everywhere else. Indeed, it is easier to list the economies that haven't been locked down to some  extent – Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Sweden, and Taiwan most notably – than  to list the countries that have. But lockdown means different things in different  contexts. Many emerging market governments have opted for something much  less than a total lockdown of their populations – the economic cost being deemed  too great. Even Japan's state of emergency doesn't force businesses to close. In Europe, there has been a more consistent pattern of response: Italy’s lockdown  was soon followed by most other countries with all but essential manufacturing and  services being closed and people encouraged if not compelled to remain home.

The  UK, which initially attempted for a ‘mitigation’ strategy rather than containment,  was compelled to shift tactics and implement a lockdown after the evidence  showed that their strategy would soon overwhelm their hospitals. But "lockdown" means different things and are enforced to different degrees across  countries. As we have argued before, what matters is changing people's behavior  in a way that reduces social contact and the risk of infection. Like many others, we  think the Google Community Mobility data offer intriguing insights into actual  social distancing practices as opposed to policies. We plot the index of time spent  at home in Figure 41 in Annex I at the end of the report. The more time people spend  at home relative to the baseline period (which unfortunately included the outbreak  in Wuhan, which had already begun to affect behavior in North Asia) the more, we  infer, people are taking social distancing seriously. We think the data offer a few  interesting observations.