【英文】联合国报告：2020年世界经济形势年中报告（28页）

COVID-19 pandemic has paralyzed large parts of the global economy, sharply restricting economic activities, increasing uncertainties and unleashing a recession unseen  since the Great Depression. Global gross domestic product (GDP) is forecast to shrink  by 3.2 per cent in 2020, with only a gradual recovery of lost output projected for 2021.  Cumulatively, the world economy is expected to lose nearly $8.5 trillion in output in  2020 and 2021 (Figure 1), nearly wiping out the cumulative output gains of the previous  four years.

Killing over 200,000 by end-April 2020. With no efective vaccine and treatment, most  countries have relied on social distancing and stay-at-home measures to slow the spread  of the virus. Nearly 90 per cent of the world economy came under some form of lockdown measures by mid-April (Figure 2). As many as 100 countries have closed national  borders—the most severe restrictions on movements of people and goods in recorded history—disrupting supply and slashing global demand for goods and services. Te demand  for oil and other commodities has fallen sharply, as transportation, air travel and manufacturing have come to a virtual standstill in many economies. While the pandemic spread  rapidly in East Asia, Europe and the United States of America, shutting down economic  activities, many developing countries, though not directly hit by the pandemic, are already  sufering severe economic pains.