【英文】布鲁盖尔研究所报告：全球供应链：十年混乱的教训（29页）

After decades of rapid expansion of global supply chains, the last decade has seen a series of major  shocks that disrupted their functioning. The China-US trade war, COVID-19 and the Russian invasion of  Ukraine have all disrupted flows of goods across borders, leading business leaders and policymakers  to question the wisdom of relying on the global network of supply chains. As a result, various policies  have been enacted with the explicit goal of reshaping value chains, diversifying or outright reshoring supply chains. However, fundamental questions about the nature of these shocks remain. This paper revisits the effects of three shocks on the functioning of global supply chains. We first look  at the disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic, then investigate the impact of the Russian invasion of  Ukraine, before discussing the US-China trade dispute and the ensuing ‘technological cold war’. The  aim is to identify lessons about how policies can adapt to prevent disruption and to mitigate the effect  of future shocks. We are interested both in the magnitude of shocks as well as their lasting effects. In  the cases of the pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the magnitude of the shock was very  high, but dissipated relatively quickly. On the other hand, the US-China trade war has been a protracted shift in global trade, with enormous ramifications for supply chains and citizens. While the length of a  shock determines whether the economic damage is enduring, even a short shock can create  significant political-economy problems. This means, that even if long-term growth trends are not  disrupted for extended periods, the upheaval caused by sudden large shock might still warrant the  costs of mitigation measures.