【英文】美国国会研究服务部报告：中国军队现代化报告（59页）

英文研究报告 2021年06月22日 06:35 管理员

The NDAA is the primary legislative vehicle by which Congress can act to enhance the United States’ ability to compete with China in the national security realm. Recent NDAAs have included numerous provisions that reference China (and Taiwan) directly, as well as provisions that relate or could relate to China. For example, the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 (P.L. 116-283) includes 40 provisions with explicit references to China, Taiwan, or Hong Kong on such issues as space capabilities, U.S. arms sales to Taiwan, nuclear weapons, cyber theft, and semiconductor supply chain security. Dozens of other provisions arguably relate to or have implications for U.S. policy toward China, but do not refer to it explicitly.

Many of these are related to enhancing U.S. competitiveness in existing and emerging technologies, advanced manufacturing capabilities, and basic research and development with military applications, among other issues. The FY2021 NDAA also includes a“Pacific Deterrence Initiative” (Section 1251) that authorizes around $2.2 billion to increase U.S. and allied military capabilities in the Indo-Pacific region in FY2021; requires DOD to report to the congressional defense committees on future year activities and resources for the initiative no later than February 15, 2021; requires DOD to include a detailed budget display for the initiative beginning with the FY2022 budget request; and requires DOD to brief the congressional defense committees on the initiative’s budget and programs no later than March 1, 2021, and annually thereafter.

The initiative, which “pushes back on Chinese aggression,” according to then-Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman Senator Jim Inhofe (R-OK) and then-Ranking Member Jack Reed (D-RI), seeks to establish, oversee, and fund a long-term strategic approach to the region. A February 2021 report to Congress detailing INDOPACOM’s investment plan for the Pacific Deterrence Initiative noted the initiative aims to “enhance budget transparency and oversight while focusing resources on vital military capabilities to deter China.”