【英文】世界经济论坛报告：2024年增长前景报告（291页）

英文研究报告 2024年02月06日 07:35 管理员

Economic growth can be defned as an increase in the quantity or quality of production of goods and services in a country over time. It is typically measured by growth in gross domestic product (GDP). Growth is important primarily because many such goods and services contribute to people’s quality of life: from basic food and shelter to more complex things such as medical technologies, leisure activities or security. While not everything important to societies can be reduced to goods and services, systematic attempts to improve the lives of people almost invariably entail an increase in the quantity or quality of at least some goods and services, whether produced in the private sector, the public sector or a mixture of the two. The positive impact of more or better goods and services can be particularly signifcant in the lowestincome countries, where growth is more likely than in richer economies to mean the difference between basic human needs being met or not. Since the 2007 global fnancial crisis, global economic growth has lost momentum. On average, global short-term GDP growth has declined from about 2% in advanced and 5.8% in emerging and developing economies in the early 2000s to about 1.4% and 1.7%, respectively, in the post-COVID period (Figure 1). GDP growth is often used as an indicator of a nation’s overall economic health and prosperity. However, any contemporary assessment of growth needs to look beyond quantity – it is the underlying nature and quality of growth, and the way in which it is achieved, that ultimately matters most for positive economic, societal and environmental outcomes. Countries’ policy choices today are shaping their long-term growth trajectories and have lasting implications for individuals, societies, international relations and the planet.