【英文】大西洋理事会报告：中美竞争的全球影响（38页）

英文研究报告 2021年06月30日 06:45 管理员

Although the country sum of the FBIC measure can be helpful for thinking about the global distribution of power, another way to track the behavior of the measure is to track which countries are the greatest external infuencers around the world and across time. Figure 1 shows this for six historically infuential countries for the year 2020. The United States is the most infuential country across the Western Hemisphere, and Germany is the top-ranked infuencer across much of Europe, while Chinese infuence has spread across much of Southeast Asia and Africa. Russia is the top-infuencer primarily in Central Asia, though its infuence capacity also spills over into Belarus, its much smaller and highly dependent neighbor, and into Algeria, the third largest importer of Russian arms over the past half-decade.

Meanwhile, the infuence of previous colonial powers is much more limited, with French infuence scattered across North, West, and Southern Africa and the United Kingdom displaying the top infuence capacity only in Ireland. Figures 2 and 3 show these patterns across time. In 1980 the world saw much more infuence from traditional colonial powers, with French infuence stretching across Africa and infuence from the United Kingdom spread around the world. The infuence of the Soviet Union was also much more pronounced, as was infuence from the United States in most of East and Southeast Asia. By the year 2000, the geopolitical environment had shifted once again. French infuence across Africa had declined, and infuence from Russia was more consolidated across Eastern Europe and Central and South Asia. Chinese infuence had started to emerge at this point, with growth in key emerging partners like Iran and Sudan.