【英文】世界经济论坛报告：2022年全球风险报告（117页）

Even in the best-case scenario of  aggressive digital threat defences, there  will be signifcant increases in the cost of  operations for all stakeholders. This could  be particularly challenging for small- or  medium-sized businesses that might  spend 4% or more of their operational  budget on security, compared to larger  organizations that might spend closer to  1–2%.38 Indeed, amid the rising frequency  and severity of ransomware claims,  cyber insurance pricing in the United  States rose by 96% in the third quarter  of 2021, marking the most signifcant  increase since 2015 and a 204% year over-year increase.39 Respondents to the  GRPS indicate a long-term concern with  these developments, with “adverse tech  advances” appearing as a top-10 risk over  a 5-to-10-year horizon.  

Cyberthreats also continue to drive  states apart, with governments following  increasingly unilateral paths to control  risks. As attacks become more severe  and broadly impactful, already-sharp  tensions between governments impacted  by cybercrime and governments  complicit in their commission will rise as  cybersecurity becomes another wedge  for divergence, rather than cooperation,  among nation states.40 Particularly in an era  of rising tensions between superpowers,  cyberattacks are another battlefront in  which escalation is a key risk (see Chapter  1).41 If cyberthreats continue without  mitigation, governments will continue to  retaliate against perpetrators (actual or  perceived), leading to open cyberwarfare,  further disruption for societies and loss  of trust in governments’ ability to act as  digital stewards.