【英文】中美在欧洲的科技主导地位之争报告（182页）

英文研究报告 2022年04月08日 06:14 管理员

The problem of foreign ownership. As productivity gains increasingly went to (foreign) capital owners rather than workers, this also led to large capital outfows. 5 Challenge for the economic model. While the foreign sector is character- ized by high productivity and is not challenged by the weak bargaining power of the labor force, the domestic sector is littered with small domestic frms and could be characterized by low productivity. Given this scenario, there is a growing risk that this region will remain the lowcost production center of the German economy, specializing in the low value-added segment of global supply chains. Core–periphery relationship between Western and Central-Eastern Europe. In the spirit of dependency theories,7 it can be argued that Central-Eastern European economies are in asymmetric relationships despite the considerable EU funds. The low use of EU funds for domestic research and development (R&D) suggests that this situation will continue.

The end of the road. Novokmet and Bukowski argue that the conver- gence model based on foreign capital infows has not led to the underdevelopment of the Central countries. However, there is a danger that these countries are trapped in a form of specialization in which local value chains are centered around Germany (Léotard, June 11, 2018). The analysis of the National Bank of Poland clearly distinguishes the economic impact of capital infows, whether in the form of FDI or via the banking sector. Capital infows via the banking sector made the Central-Eastern European countries more vulnerable to external shocks, while FDI strengthened the manufacturing sectors of these countries.