【英文】战争中的乌克兰经济报告：现状和复苏之路（76页）

英文研究报告 2022年10月24日 14:25 管理员

The war also disrupted logistics, thereby preventing companies from receiving supplies and raw materials and exporting fnished products. The blockade of seaports had the most signifcant impact since Ukraine transported 65% of its international commodity trade by sea before the war. Transportation routes by land are less developed and have lower capacity. In the medium term, the inability to fulfl contracts will make exporters lose their positions in markets and witness producers from other countries take their place. In August 2022, the value of exports stood at $ 3.4 billion, which is 44% less than January 2022. The value of imports, meanwhile, totalled $4.4 billion, a 29% drop from January 2022 fgures.With fewer exports, the country will receive less foreign currency to pay for its imports. The government and the National Bank, therefore, has been compelled to impose foreign exchange controls forcing companies to cut back on imports including those deployed for production purposes.

The massive outfow of the workforce (especially women) abroad also poses the risk that a signifcant segment of the population will not return to Ukraine - the demand for and supply of products will, therefore, be detrimentally impacted. And many previously active workers joined the military. Dramatic changes in the regional distribution of workers were further steered by the movement of people to safer western regions and away from the east and south. Companies near the active war zone particularly face personnel defcits as employees leave these locales in fear of their lives. People who have relocated in western and central regions, however, may face difculties fnding work especially specialists from the metallurgy and machine-building industries - the sector is primarily situated in the country’s eastern regions.