【英文】荷兰国际关系研究所报告：荷兰半导体在亚洲的利益（114页）

During a visit to the White House in 2019, Prime Minister of the Netherlands Mark Rutte was handed  an intelligence report by one of President Trump’s national security advisors. The security document  laid out possible consequences of China acquiring the technology of ASML, an important Dutch  semiconductor equipment manufacturer. The Trump administration hoped to convince the Dutch  government to block shipment of one of ASML’s most advanced chip-producing machines to China’s  Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC). They got what they wanted: the  Dutch government did not renew the export licence that ASML required for the shipment.1 The event  is illustrative of how the Dutch semiconductor industry has been drawn into the technological rivalry  between the United States and China. The United States’ efforts to frustrate China’s goal of becoming technologically highly advanced and  self-reliant continue under President Biden. Not only is the Dutch semiconductor sector drawn into  this endeavour, but so are many industries in Asia. 

For example, the Biden administration has  proposed creating a ‘Chips Alliance’ to strengthen ties linking the industries of Japan, South Korea,  Taiwan and the United States in the face of Chinese ambitions. Moreover, in October 2022 President  Biden introduced export controls targeting semiconductor-related supplies to China, which also affect  Asian companies. However, the US–China rivalry is not the only political factor impacting Asia’s semiconductor  industries. So are domestic political agendas and regional relations. For example, trade disputes  between Japan and South Korea are affecting the semiconductor industries in both countries, while  India is looking to become a chip-manufacturing hub. Taiwanese semiconductor giant TSMC is  considering building factories in other Asian countries amid political and military tensions over the  island. Singapore’s government is actively attracting foreign companies in the semiconductor industry  to settle in the city state, while South Korean companies have built up large interests in China’s  semiconductor industry.