【英文】美国和平研究所报告：中国与太空战略不稳定-美中战略竞争时代的和平之路（28页）

英文研究报告 2023年03月13日 07:53 管理员

Some US agencies, including the Federal Communications Commission, have started addressing the orbital debris and congestion challenges from large constellations, but their work is still nascent, while thousands of satellites have already been launched. A September 2022 report by the Government Accountability Ofce highlights the need for more research to mitigate the environmental impact of large constellations of satellites.Moreover, a broader interagency examination of the problem has also been hindered by lack of concrete authority as to which agency provides this type of oversight. Some industry leaders are calling for international eforts to craft rules to mitigate this looming risk while urging all actors to take greater responsibility for the impending crisis. The problem of congestion in the near-Earth orbital environment is not limited to the advent of large and very large constellations of satellites; other contributing factors include on-orbit servicing and refueling, increased maneuvering, and the prospect of a boom in space tourism.The concept of a space trafc management (STM) regime has long been discussed, but no agreed-upon template for a regime has yet to emerge.

The subject of STM has prompted a variety of opinions from Chinese experts. Some observe that the growth in space actors and activities has increased the complexity of space governance around issues including STM. Others also note that the international STM discussion remains focused on principles and has not included substantive questions of law or institution building.In terms of promoting international dialogue, some Chinese commentators take a more passive perspective, adopting the view that the rapid development of large and very large constellations in low Earth orbit will inevitably accelerate the international community’s discussion on space trafc coordination and rules of governance.Yet other Chinese experts point to the United States as the main obstacle to the international community building multilateral governance mechanisms, given that the United States has opposed agreements that have reached consensus in multilateral platforms such as the United Nations.76 Still others criticize US eforts on STM as seeking to shape international STM with American standards and promoting US security exceptionalism.77 The Chinese government itself, in its January 2022 white paper, for example, has expressed interest in participating in dialogues and in the development of mechanisms on international issues such as STM.