【英文】美国和平研究所报告：中国与太空战略不稳定-美中战略竞争时代的和平之路（28页）

Some US agencies, including the Federal Communications Commission, have started addressing the orbital debris and congestion challenges from large constellations, but their work is still nascent, while thousands of satellites have already been launched. A September 2022 report by the  Government Accountability Ofce highlights the need for more research to mitigate the environmental impact of large constellations of satellites.Moreover, a broader interagency examination  of the problem has also been hindered by lack of concrete authority as to which agency provides  this type of oversight. Some industry leaders are calling for international eforts to craft rules to mitigate this looming risk while urging all actors to take greater responsibility for the impending crisis.  The problem of congestion in the near-Earth orbital environment is not limited to the advent  of large and very large constellations of satellites; other contributing factors include on-orbit  servicing and refueling, increased maneuvering, and the prospect of a boom in space tourism.The concept of a space trafc management (STM) regime has long been discussed, but no  agreed-upon template for a regime has yet to emerge.

The subject of STM has prompted a variety of opinions from Chinese experts. Some observe  that the growth in space actors and activities has increased the complexity of space governance  around issues including STM. Others also note that the international STM discussion remains  focused on principles and has not included substantive questions of law or institution building.In terms of promoting international dialogue, some Chinese commentators take a more passive  perspective, adopting the view that the rapid development of large and very large constellations in low Earth orbit will inevitably accelerate the international community’s discussion on  space trafc coordination and rules of governance.Yet other Chinese experts point to the  United States as the main obstacle to the international community building multilateral governance mechanisms, given that the United States has opposed agreements that have reached  consensus in multilateral platforms such as the United Nations.76 Still others criticize US eforts  on STM as seeking to shape international STM with American standards and promoting US  security exceptionalism.77 The Chinese government itself, in its January 2022 white paper, for  example, has expressed interest in participating in dialogues and in the development of mechanisms on international issues such as STM.