【英文】美国智库报告：中国崛起为超级大国：图解对比中美俄（68页）

英文研究报告 2023年09月05日 07:20 管理员

The US and China consolidated their positions as R&D powers while the EU lost some ground Real growth in R&D in the OECD area in 2020 was primarily driven by growth in the United States at 5%, in contrast with R&D expenditures in Germany and Japan, which declined at -5.3% and -2.7% respectively. In the EU27 area, business R&D performance was the principal source of the aggregate fall in R&D. In other words, if European business R&D performance had been on a par with the United States, its overall R&D performance would have been more similar.

The structure of business R&D in the EU is more concentrated in industries that have been more negatively impacted by the COVID-19 crisis, as noted further below. China’s reported R&D expenditure grew by 9% in 2020, a figure comparable with previous years. The implications for comparisons with respect to the United States depend on how figures in different countries are adjusted for differences in purchasing power (PPP) for R&D investments. If forthcoming revisions to PPP conversion rates turn out as on previous occasions, China’s R&D expenditure gap with respect to the United States would have remained stable, with China’s R&D expenditure at close to 74% of that of the United States.