【英文】德国智库报告：欧洲对华政策走向“原则优先”（100页）

Brussels’ current focus on reciprocity and fairer competition in Europe’s China relationship is right but European competitiveness in a more encompassing sense is at stake. As  it remains unrealistic for the EU and member states alone to alter China’s trajectory, they  will have to compete fercely to make their own interactions with China and the world  safer for liberal-democratic market economies – big and small.  To compete (with China) in the digital age, with the US-China tech confict heating up,  decision makers will face increased pressure to think even more strategically across  policy domains and competences. The challenge is to translate industrial and digital  strategies into action and to overcome longstanding weaknesses in terms of digital  market fragmentation, regulatory hurdles, and underinvestment in scalable tech businesses. When it comes to research and innovation with China, a risk-based approach  is needed to prevent unwanted tech transfers. On standardization, EU actors need to  coordinate their lobbying eforts in China, especially in the context of China Standards  2035. Brussels and member states should insist on digital reciprocity as a new principle  in bilateral relations. In navigating China's emerging data regulations, the EU should  monitor competition distortions arising from unequal access to data in the Chinese market. 

The EU will need to join forces with partners around the world to confront Chinese  challenges from forced technology transfers to digital protectionism.  To advance liberal multilateralism globally, the overarching logic of European responses and initiatives toward China must be signifcantly more competitive, accepting the  systemic rivalry that China’s leaders take for granted. China’s selective adherence to  essential international obligations puts into question Beijing’s trustworthiness as a  partner more broadly. Beijing’s current trade policy profle does not lend itself to joint  rulemaking. On human rights, concrete measures will have to move beyond the failed  quiet diplomacy approach of the past. As a major donor and actor in the development  sphere, the EU should make more strategic use of its capacities to engage China to  promote greater transparency and sustainability. In the digital arena, there are still a  few opportunities to shape China’s approach to improving data security and facilitating  cross-border data fows. These issues constitute an integral and interlocking system  of liberal multilateralism. Non-action or silence on one of them will damage Europe’s  long-term capacity to compete and deliver in adjacent arenas.