【英文】美国如何通过AI迅速启动智慧城市（39页）

The next wave of connected and intelligent technologies, including sensors, 5G, and artificial  intelligence (AI), holds great promise for improving the energy efficiency of many systems,  including urban systems.1 Building automation systems can automatically monitor, control, and  optimize a building’s heating and cooling, lighting, and other mechanical systems. Real-time  traffic data coupled with smart traffic lights can reduce energy use. Digitalization is also enabling  integration of previously isolated systems: Grid-integrated buildings provide demand response to  the grid; and smart electric vehicles (EVs) shift their charging times to off-peak hours. At the same time, cities are increasingly making their own climate commitments and looking for  ways to reduce their own emissions—and the emissions of businesses and residents who live in  cities. 

Alliances such as Climate Mayors, a network of 465 U.S. mayors, and the Global Covenant  of Mayors for Climate and Energy, which includes 172 U.S. cities, represent the growing  movement toward local action on climate change.2 By embedding smart technologies in the grid, buildings, and transportation systems, cities can  reduce their energy use and emissions. A 2018 McKinsey report finds that a city deploying smart  city applications “to the best reasonable extent” could reduce its total emissions by 10 to 15  percent.3 Similarly, Microsoft and PwC found that AI-enabled decarbonization technologies could  reduce the carbon intensity of the global economy (figure 1).4 These applications help cities plan  and govern more efficiently, reduce their energy use and emissions, attract and support  businesses, and discover new sources of revenue.