【英文】美国海军如何从中国手里重新夺回对海洋的主导权（18页）

For the collective good of all nations, American  command of the earth’s oceans has also provided  the bedrock for a globalized economy where 80  percent of the volume and 70 percent of the value  of all trade transits safely on the sea.2 But the U.S. Navy has now lost its assured command of the seas — for the frst time in the postWorld War II era — to China in the Western Pacifc. In his confrmation hearings for commander,  U.S. Indo-Pacifc Command in 2018, Adm. Philip  Davidson stated, “China is now capable of controlling the South China Sea in all scenarios short  of war with the United States.” While China may  allow the U.S. Navy (or any other navy) to have  peacetime access to the South China Sea, Adm.  Davidson made clear he can no longer assure such  access to protect U.S. interests if a battle were to  erupt since “there is no guarantee that the United States would win a future confict with China.”

China’s development of ballistic missiles, such as  the DF-21 and DF-26, to target airbases and surface  ships (especially aircraft carriers) at ever-longer  range means that although U.S. advanced aircraft  are peerless in their mission once airborne, they  would have no place to land were confict to break  out. And China’s constant upgrades in the quieting of diesel and nuclear attack submarines have  meant that early warning detection could no longer  be done by long-range, passive sonar. It would have  to be done by close-in, active sonar instead. The  physics of active sonar mean that, in most cases,  submarines can only be detected using active sonar after they are already within their weapon-fring range. These threats keep most U.S. forces at a  great distance until enough warships (and airlift)  have arrived to provide a defensive sanctuary to  allow U.S. forces to move forward.