【英文】美国智库报告：美中科技战与数字国家的实践（135页）

What was the underlying dynamic for the Trump administration of the United  States (U.S.) to launch the trade war with China from 2018? To answer this question, this introductory chapter will examine the following issues: (1) the U.S.-Japan  trade war in the 1980s and 1990s, (2) how the U.S.-China trade war spilled over  to such international arena as the World Trade Organization (WTO), (3) Trump’s  apparent rationale to close the U.S. trade defcit, and (4) how the Coronavirus  Disease 2019 (COVID-19) exposed the U.S. biotechnological under-capacity.  I will argue that, beneath the U.S.-China trade war, the technology competition  between the two powers is actually the more deep-seated structural source of their  ongoing unsettling rivalry. 

Former President Donald Trump (2017–2021) launched a series of trade wars  against the American allies and other countries, including Canada, the European  Union (E.U.), Japan, India, Taiwan and Turkey. In particular, Trump’s trade war  with China starting from April  2018 caught wide global attention because the  U.S. and China were the two largest economies in the world. Apart from levying additional American tarifs on Chinese goods, Trump cited national security  concerns and banned the Chinese technology giant Huawei’s 5G technologies and  urged the allies to follow the ban. 

He also banned the popular Chinese social media  apps, WeChat and TikTok. Trump’s moves, however, spurred a public debate in  China on whether China should seek to decouple from the U.S. in the long term.1 Therefore, by the end of 2020, the Chinese government formally announced their  long-term plan to achieve technology independence.