【英文】国际事务研究院报告：一个联合起来的联盟，一个更强大的欧洲（34页）

Two variables determine the manner in which multipolar competition affects  EUFSP. First is the scope of multipolar competition in particular crises or conflicts.  Global and regional powers can engage in a crisis or conflict area through a broad  range of policy instruments, but their engagement can also have more limited  scope. The EU generally seeks to provide a broad scope to peace and security  efforts. These include a variety of instruments from its Integrated Approach in the  pursuit of larger “milieu” objectives, namely a broad transformation of the whole  relationship of the EU with the country or countries undergoing a crisis or conflict  (as explained in the next section). Similarly, China engages with countries in conflictaffected regions through political and economic relations. 

Other powers take a  narrower focus, however. This is the case, for instance, for Russia’s intervention in  Libya or the Sahel, or Turkey’s sales of drones to conflict parties (Azerbaijan, Ukraine,  Ethiopia). The Chinese approach to certain conflict countries is more systemic and  provides much more of an alternative to EU foreign and security policy than those  countries that engage with others more narrowly. But the latter, while limited, may  nonetheless have the potential to scupper the EU’s broader approach. Russia’s  support for Venezuela’s President Nicolas Maduro, for instance, has worked as a  powerful disincentive for the latter to engage in the national reconciliation process  advocated by the Europeans.