【英文】美国国防情报局报告：2022太空安全挑战报告（80页）

Capabilities. Space-based capabilities impact many day-to-day aspects of the American way of life. These  capabilities enable functions that affect our homes, transportation, electric power grids, banking systems,  and our global communications. Satellites provide access to a broad range of information and enable many  services in real time, from watching breaking news to monitoring our deployed armed forces around the  world day or night. These and other benefits enabled by space systems are the result of more than 60 years  of dedicated work by government agencies—military and civilian—supported by many commercial space  providers. Space systems also enable the United States and our allies to project combat power to areas of  conflict and instability and allow our armed forces to collect vital intelligence on foreign threats, to navigate  and maneuver rapidly, and to communicate with each other anywhere around the globe to ensure our  security and quick response to international military and humanitarian crises. Competition. 

Space competition between the United States and the former Soviet Union began in  earnest with Moscow’s launch of the world’s first artificial satellite, Sputnik-1, in 1957. China’s emergence  as a space power in the late 20th and early 21st century and Russia’s post-Soviet resurgence have  expanded the militarization of space as both countries integrate space and counterspace capabilities  into their national and warfighting strategies to challenge the United States. Adversaries have observed  more than 30 years of U.S. military operations supported by space systems and are now seeking ways to  expand their own capabilities and deny the U.S. a space-enabled advantage.1 China and Russia, in particular, are developing various means to exploit the perceived U.S. reliance on  space-based systems and challenge the U.S. position in the space domain.2 Beijing and Moscow seek  to position themselves as leading space powers, intent on creating new global space norms. Through  the use of space and counterspace capabilities, they aspire to undercut U.S. global leadership. Iran and  North Korea will continue to develop and operate electronic warfare (EW) capabilities to deny or degrade  space-based communications and navigation.