【英文】美国智库报告：美中技术“脱钩”：一个战略和政策框架（177页）

Two broad trends have driven the U.S. government’s recent interest in technological decoupling. First, beginning in the mid-2010s, U.S. policymakers and political leaders developed  much darker views of China. Previously, most in Washington had believed that China’s rise  was largely compatible with and even benefcial to American interests. Although Beijing’s  human rights abuses, market distortions, and other behavior were always points of friction, U.S. ofcials in the 1990s and 2000s thought the best solutions were further integration of China into global institutions and deepening of bilateral political and economic  engagement.4 Tis ofcial consensus, never without dissenters, eroded and eventually collapsed during  the Obama administration. 

Major catalysts included China’s militarization of disputed islands and broader military buildup; its unrelenting intellectual property theft and exploitation of international trade rules to move up the economic value chain; its deepening  authoritarianism and abhorrent repression of Uyghurs and other minority groups; and its  bolder encroachments on Hong Kong and Taiwan.5  Across the board, China seemed increasingly intent on and capable of challenging U.S. interests, values, and visions of global  order. Tese developments caused a sea change in U.S. thinking on China. Within a few  short years, cautious optimism or ambivalence turned into distress and fear, and most U.S.  policymakers came to identify Beijing as America’s primary long-term state threat (see Table  2). As a result, U.S. leaders belatedly started to scrutinize the many ways their country had  become dependent on or supportive of China in prior decades—with technology rightly  emerging as a central concern.