【英文】国际战略研究中心报告：中国人力资本对国家竞争力的影响（16页）

英文研究报告 2022年05月30日 08:08 管理员

The ability of an individual to one day enter a enter lab, research institute, or corporate boardroom is impacted by government investments and regulations, societal norms, and access to opportunities that can either promote or limit that individual’s potential. In China’s domestic context, urban-rural inequities in education and mobility, policies that restrict and repress ethnic minorities, and evolving social norms represent several key constraints on China’s ability to fully tap into national talent. URBAN-RURAL INEQUALITY Inequality between urban and rural populations in China presents a critical challenge to the country’s economic productivity and opportunities to develop human capital.

As wages rise and Beijing promotes higher-value industries Figure 1: U.S. and China 2050 Population Pyramids that require high-skilled workers, China could face major issues of structural unemployment for low-skilled workers concentrated in rural areas. Other countries that have escaped the “middle-income trap,” such as Taiwan and South Korea, tended to have higher levels of secondary education that helped transition the workforce from manufacturing to higher-value-added work. In China, low high school graduation rates, pervasive early childhood development challenges, and urban-rural divides codifed in regulations such as the hukou system could limit the country’s transition to a high-skilled workforce.9 EARLY CHILDHOOD DEVELOPMENT While discussions of human capital may frst conjure images of PhD graduates or high-skilled tech workers, a growing feld of academic study recognizes that human capital cultivation begins in childhood.