【英文】兰德报告：评估美国商界对中美竞争的支持（182页）

Finally, we assessed how each sector viewed the Trump administration’s China policies and whether the policies had a generally positive or negative impact on the sector. Our research involved looking across different  business functions and interviewing nearly 30 industry experts. We find that while companies and industry  experts were broadly supportive of the Trump administration’s goals to level the playing field for American  companies and counter problematic PRC practices, there were significant concerns about the unilateral and  seemingly ad hoc tactics that the administration took with limited consultation with businesses. The manufacturing sector was negatively affected the most by the Trump administration’s actions while the technology  sector—both on the hardware and software sides—also felt largely negative impacts. The effects of the Trump  administration’s policies were more mixed (and overall neutral) with respect to the financial sector, and there  is debate as to whether the Trump administration successfully encouraged China to accelerate the opening of  its financial markets or if Beijing was already on track to do so to support its own domestic agenda anyway.  

Embrace the full range of trade and economic tools to counter China and expand those tools. The  new U.S. administration could also do more to employ a fuller range of tools to counter problematic  PRC behavior. The United States, for example, could more fully embrace existing trade enforcement  tools and reinvigorate the World Trade Organization’s trade dispute mechanism to help address China’s unfair trade practices. The United States currently seizes counterfeit and pirated goods and has a  process to block imports of items that use stolen IP; this could be broadened to block any import from  a company that uses stolen IP. Other policies could include measures involving more reciprocal treatment for market access, especially for Chinese investment in the United States. In combination, these  tools could help U.S. companies compete on a more level playing field and obtain more market access  in China without necessarily requiring U.S. companies to incur the costs of tariffs or limits on their  activities in China.