【英文】世界经济论坛报告：中国的气候挑战：资助向零排放过渡（44页）

China is active in the world’s major global initiatives  to tackle climate change. Like most other countries,  it recognizes that a global problem needs global  solutions. It is moving ahead with the ongoing  adoption of the Paris Accords, including those  commitments agreed at COP26 in Glasgow in  November 2021.  In addition, despite broader geopolitical tensions,  China and the US issued a joint statement  addressing the climate crisis, followed by a joint  declaration on tackling climate change at COP26,  which demonstrate a commitment to boosting  climate cooperation over the next decade (Figure  1). Domestic policies in China are also heavily  focused on climate change. The latest fve-year  plan, covering 2021-25, puts decarbonization at the  centre of policy-making, and the country has also  made progress in the carbon trading market.

Nonetheless, it is also clear that China’s transition  to a carbon-free future has only just started. Its  commitment to reaching peak CO2  emissions by  2030 and having net-zero CO2  emissions by 2060  represents a gigantic project that is unique in two  ways. First, industrial output constitutes a much  higher proportion of the Chinese economy than any  other major economy. And second, its economic  governance model means that the West’s freemarket mechanisms might be less applicable to  driving change. China is considered to be “the world’s factory”,  with its manufacturing’s share of GDP – 27% in  2019 – far higher than in any of the developed  economies such as Germany and Japan (Figure  2).1  Furthermore, this manufacturing is heavily  concentrated in sectors with high CO2  emissions  (Figure 3), including steel, cement, petrochemicals  and automotive.2  China’s manufacturing CO2 emissions alone are equal to 2.2 times the total  emissions in Europe and almost 13 times the  carbon sunk from photosynthesis in the Amazon  jungle.3  This carbon-heavy core of the Chinese  economy will require substantial technological  advances and investment to reach net zero.