【英文】德国墨卡托中国研究所报告：中美关系的全球视角（97页）

英文研究报告 2022年09月02日 07:05 管理员

Chinese nancing and technical assistance in infrastructure projects was widespread in all eight countries and met with a largely positive reception. All the countries studied have signed on to the Belt and Road Initiative: all have railways, ports, airports, and other projects built by China’s national champions and funded by China’s banks. With some exceptions – Kenya and Kazakhstan – contributors reported limited concerns about the sustainability of debt with China, and the only one that invoked ‘debt-trap diplomacy’ – Turkey – was concerned about its neighbors falling prey, not itself. Beyond infrastructure investment and nancing, there has been signicant growth in investment in all eight countries; Chinese companies have established their operations, oen at a staggering pace – another almost universally welcomed trend. However, some specic China-supported infrastructure projects and investments were viewed as concerning. In Kenya, Chinese arms brought in their own security forces and provided special training to Kenyan forces to protect the Standard Gauge Rail project between Nairobi and the port city of Mombasa. While cooperation went smoothly, there were local concerns that this undermined the Kenyan government’s role as sole security provider within its own jurisdiction.

Rumors surrounding the possible relocation of 55 Chinese factories to Kazakhstan in 2019 triggered widespread anti-China protests; people demonstrated about the lack of transparency, pollution fears, rising debt levels and China’s mistreatment of Uyghurs and Kazakhs in Xinjiang. In the security realm, China’s security relationship with most of the eight countries remains limited in scope, though it is expanding. Most of these countries have close defense and security ties with the United States, which they are interested in maintaining. Washington was seen as a more reliable security guarantor and – for some – arms provider. This was not true across the board, however. One country – Bangladesh – covered here counts China as its top arms supplier. And US withdrawal from international commitments under the Trump administration made others rethink their dependence on Washington and seek to strengthen security cooperation with Beijing. China has become Bangladesh’s main source of military equipment, making the country into China’s second largest arms export destination. Saudi Arabia has expressed concerns about the US wish to disentangle itself from Middle East conicts, and has found a receptive audience in Beijing, which is reportedly now helping Riyadh build its own ballistic missiles.