【英文】ITIF报告：醒醒，美国：中国在创新能力上正在超越美国（86页）

The next and most-recent major milestone in China’s innovation policy timeline was the  announcement of MIC. Rather than a simple extension or update of MLP or SEI, MIC shifts the  focus of innovation policy toward putatively market outcomes and enhancing the entire  manufacturing process, places more emphasis on measurable goals, and carves out a greater role  for market mechanisms (at least for Chinese firms).12F 13 The broad goals laid out in MIC are to  introduce innovation-driven “smart” manufacturing through the implementation of industrial  robots and advanced IT (specifically the Internet of Things); to attract and nurture human  capital; to gain market share in high-value-added parts of the GVC; to strengthen IP rights and  protections for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and to make more strategic use of IP;  the harmonization of Chinese companies’ technology standards with those of the international  community to increase exports; and increased international brand recognition of national  champion firms.

As Scott Kennedy of the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS)  points out, MIC is more like Germany’s “Industry 4.0” than it is MLP, at least in its intent to  modernize manufacturing.MIC represents an insightful shift in focus for China’s innovation policy. Innovation is about  much more than just the number of academic publications or patents a society produces  (although these are important), especially if such activity is more of a response to government  incentives than to market incentives. Rather, the oft-forgotten aspect of the innovation process is  bringing the invention to market, or the implementation, both in general and, importantly for  China, at scale. Thus, this shift in focus toward market outcomes and commercialization rather  than pure invention indicates China’s ability to see the whole picture.