【英文】太平洋论坛报告：北约应联合应对中国挑战（44页）

Following recommendations from the European  Commission in March 2019, in October the Council  finalized a coordinated risk assessment of 5G  network security. In January a Toolbox of Mitigation  Measures for 5G Security was published with member  states called to implement the main toolbox  measures. 38 The result has been that, while never  named, Huawei has been de facto excluded from the  most sensitive areas of 5G network development.  China has not been singled out as a villain and  Huawei’s lower-tech products, such as cellphones,  are widely available. The UK, on the contrary, has  been criticized by Beijing for its unilateral decision to  remove all Huawei technology from sensitive  security networks by 2027.  38 European Commission,” EU Toolbox for 5G Security,” Mar. 24, 2021.

During the years of the Trump administration, in  which both China and Europe became victims of the  trade war launched by Washington, there was a  sense, initially, that Brussels and Beijing could find  common ground. Although it was not stated, a  common adversary helped in this rapprochement. At  the end of 2020, the Chinese government indicated  willingness to conclude negotiations for an EU-China  Comprehensive Agreement on Investments (CAI).  Such an agreement had been first proposed in 2013,  although negotiations had been on hold for several  years. Seen from Brussels, the agreement was  designed to give the EU the same advantages as the  US-China Phase One Trade Deal negotiated with the  Trump administration in 2020.