【英文】世界就业和社会展望2024年趋势报告（121页）

On account of stronger than anticipated  economic growth in 2023, total labour force  participation rates moved above their longterm linear trend.1  Possibly buoyed by a stronger  than anticipated job market, participation rates  increased in several regions in 2023, notably  in high-income countries (by 0.3 percentage  points) and lower-middle-income countries (by  1.5 percentage points) (table 1.2). In low-income  and upper-middle-income countries labour force  participation rates fell (by 0.1 and 0.3 percentage  points, respectively). When 2023 participation rates  are compared with the 1991–2019 linear trend, a  number of observations can be made (figure 1.4).  First, except in low-income countries, 2023  participation rates were higher than the 1991–2019  linear trend, signalling that participation rates  have largely recovered from their pandemic lows.  Second, however, participation rates were lower in  2023 than their linear trends in North Africa, Latin  America and the Caribbean and to a lesser extent  in South-East Asia and the Pacific. Indeed, there  are notable differences across ILO subregions (see  Chapter 2). More fundamentally, although labour  market participation is above trend, a number  of important deviations have occurred that are  masked when aggregate figures are examined. For  instance, women, youth and migrants – particularly hard hit by the pandemic – continue to have  comparably low participation rates (see Chapter 3).