【英文】斯坦福报告：2019年人工智能指数（291页）

英文研究报告 2020年01月10日 08:47 管理员

Machine Learning (ML) is one of the most active research areas in AI. Within ML, Deep Learning (DL) approaches have become increasingly popular in recent years. The number of deep learning (DL) papers published on arXiv is increasing across regions. The frst chart (Figure 1.7a) shows that North America published the largest volume of DL papers, followed by Europe in 2018. The volume of DL papers from East Asia reached the same level as Europe in 2018. Deep Learning Papers on arXiv The following graphs show the ranking of countries with the largest volume of DL papers (Figure 1.7b) as well as the associated per capita DL papers (Figure 1.7c). Singapore, Switzerland, Australia, Israel, Netherlands, and Luxembourg have relatively high per capita DL papers published on arXiv. More details on methodology (see Technical Appendix) and detailed country chart.

In order to provide a deeper sectoral decomposition of AI skill penetration across sectors and countries, the following sample top fve sectors with the highest AI skill penetration globally are chosen: Software & IT Services, Hardware and Networking, Education, Finance, and Manufacturing (Figure 4.1.6). India, the US, France, China, and Israel are frequently among the top countries in AI Skill Penetration across all countries. The US ranks in the top 5 countries for AI skill penetration across all sectors. As noted earlier, the large labor pool in India and its IT skills provide hope for cautious optimism as AI could become a driver for occupational diversity, jobs and growth. China only shows up in the top 5 ranking in the education-related skill penetration. Other pockets of specialization worth highlighting include Norway and Israel in AI skills in Software and IT; Norway, France, and Sweden in Hardware and Networking; France, Israel, and Sweden in hardware and networking as well as manufacturing; Spain and Switzerland in education; and the UK and Canada in fnance.

Which countries exhibit relatively higher AI skill intensity by gender? The chart below presents the ranking of countries based on AI skill penetration for female and male labor pools (Figure 4.1.7).10 Two trends are worth noting. First, men tend to report AI skills across more occupations than women in all countries in the sample. Second, while countries with high AI skill penetration for men are more likely to exhibit high AI skill penetration for women as well, this pattern is not universal. Some European countries --including the Netherlands, Switzerland, and France-- rank signifcantly higher when considering only women than when considering men. More granularly, the results indicate that the average occupation held by women in India exhibits over 2.6 times the global average AI skill penetration, while the average occupation held by men in India is 2.7 times the global average AI skill penetration. In terms of AI skill reported for women, India is followed by the US (1.5), Netherlands (1), Switzerland (0.94), and France (0.90). For example, India has 55 occupations where women report AI skills whereas men report AI skills in 127 occupations in 2015-2018.