【英文】布鲁金斯学会报告：脆弱的新地缘政治：俄罗斯、中国和日益严峻的对和平建设的挑战（39页）

英文研究报告 2021年10月27日 07:47 管理员

In 2017 the World Bank joined forces with the U.N. to launch the “Pathways for Peace” report — the first serious and sustained joint effort by the two organizations to think through simultaneously how to address — and prevent —the twin dynamics of economic and political fragility. (That the “Pathways to Peace” report15 was published fully 25 years after the challenge of World Bank/U.N. dis-coordination on fragile states was first identified is a sobering reflection of how difficult it is to drive institutional reform — even under conditions of relative geopolitical comity.)16 Internal critics, regional interference While the above paragraphs make it sounds like Western policy was the only factor at play in fragile states, in practice life was more complicated. Throughout this era, even where Western policy was both effective and coherent, it often met with resistance from domestic elites in the countries in question, either because those elites were set to lose relative power, or because they resented what they saw (and portrayed) as Western interference and intrusions on their sovereignty.

That resistance continues in many cases, but a new factor from the mid-2000s on was more concerted efforts by reformers in fragile states to (a) acknowledge their internal weaknesses, (b) play a more active role in shaping international policy, and (c) thereby reduce the sting of the claim of “interference” in domestic disputes. The most visible version of this was the emergence of a grouping of fragile states, the g7+, which grew to become a network of 20 such states across the globe that began to exert meaningful influence in the OECD, the U.N., and the World Bank.17 In exchange for acknowledging internal shortcomings and the need for change, the g7+ pushed for development policies and programs that were more respectful of sovereignty and provided much stronger attention country ownership and capacity: the so-called “New Deal for Engagement in Fragile States” for fragile states.