【英文】世界大学学术排名（35页）

The Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) was first published in June 2003 by  the Center for World-Class Universities (CWCU), Graduate School of Education (formerly  the Institute of Higher Education) of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China, and updated on  an annual basis. Since 2009 the Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU) has been  published and copyrighted by ShanghaiRanking Consultancy. ShanghaiRanking Consultancy  is a fully independent organization dedicating to research on higher education intelligence  and consultation. ARWU uses six objective indicators to rank world universities, including the number of  alumni and staff winning Nobel Prizes and Fields Medals, number of highly cited researchers  selected by Clarivate Analytics, number of articles published in journals of Nature and Science, number of articles indexed in Science Citation Index - Expanded and Social  Sciences Citation Index, and per capita performance of a university. 

In total, more than 2000  universities are actually ranked and the best 1000 are published.Although the initial purpose of ARWU was to find the global standing of top Chinese  universities, it has attracted a great deal of attention from universities, governments and  public media worldwide. ARWU has been reported by mainstream media in almost all major  countries. Hundreds of universities cited the ranking results in their campus news, annual  reports or promotional brochures. A survey on higher education published by The Economist  in 2005 commented ARWU as “the most widely used annual ranking of the world’s research  universities”. Burton Bollag, a reporter at Chronicle of Higher Education wrote that ARWU “is  considered the most influential international ranking”.