【英文】德国发展研究所报告：中国扩大与联合国发展支柱的接触（50页）

英文研究报告 2022年11月30日 07:46 管理员

China provided another seven percent (US$30.5 million) of earmarked resources in 2020 that were earmarked for operational UN activities within Chinese borders; these are “local resources” dedicated to domestic purposes. The bulk of these contributions went to the UNDP country offce (US$25 million), followed by WFP (US$2.9 million) and UNFPA (US$2.0 million) at considerably lower amounts. It is also noteworthy that China has contributed very little to UN pooled funds in recent years, an earmarked funding modality that the UN promotes as a better alternative to tightly earmarked project and programme funding. In the UN funding compact adopted in 2019, Member States agreed on a collective target of 16 percent of earmarked funding for development-related resources to be channelled through pooled funds (UNSG 2019). The UN funding statistics for 2020 record no Chinese contributions to pooled funds for development-related activities and only payments of 0.5 million US dollars to humanitarian pooled funds.China is among the top 10 donors in eleven UN entities (Table 3). This list results from a combination of China’s high levels of assessed contributions, its targeted use of an overall modest amount of voluntary contributions, as well as context-specifc factors (such as the absence of Western donors in certain UN entities).

China’s frst rank at UNESCO is a result of the United States leaving the organization in 2018. The United States had traditionally been UNESCO’s largest contributor. Relative to the funding share of other Member States, China is fnancially most dominant at UNIDO, another UN entity where major Western states, including the US, the UK and France, have given up their membership because of the perceived irrelevance and ineffectiveness of the organization, while China has invested a comparatively sizeable amount of voluntary contributions. UNIDO is also among those entities that have been led by Chinese nationals. China’s fnancial attention to the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacifc also stands out, as it is the only Regional Commission China provided voluntary fnancial contributions to in 2020. Chinese nationals have obtained three out of 25 leading posts in the Commission’s senior management team, notably heading the divisions for transport and energy, two crucial aspects of BRI, as well as the Centre for Sustainable Agricultural Mechanisation, a regional institution of the Commission based in Beijing. UN DESA is somewhat of a contradiction to the previously described pattern wherein China chooses smaller entities with fewer resources and less Western presence and entities with Chinese offcials in leadership positions (see also Mao 2020) for its targeted investments.