【英文】哈佛大学肯尼迪学院报告：中国北斗：大国竞争的新维度（32页）

BeiDou1 is China’s Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which reached  full global coverage for the frst time in 2020. Like the pioneering U.S.  Global Positioning System (GPS), BeiDou provides Positioning, Navigation,  and Timing (PNT) data worldwide. BeiDou illustrates Beijing’s strategic  deployment of dual-use technology to enhance China’s geopolitical power—a  dynamic that increasingly shapes U.S.-China competition below the threshold  of war.  Although Beijing developed BeiDou primarily for military purposes, the  Chinese Communist Party (CCP) takes a broader view of GNSS capabilities  and is encouraging foreign nations to rely on BeiDou for civilian uses. 

In  several regions of the world, BeiDou and its supporting ground infrastructure  provide the most accessible and accurate PNT data of any operating  GNSS constellation. BeiDou thereby provides a foundation for Chinese  infrastructure exports via the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and related Digital  Silk Road (DSR) as well as consumer oferings. Te integration of BeiDou’s  PNT data with ground station enhancements, 5G telecommunications, and  critical infrastructure enhances China’s sof power through political and  economic relationships and the sale of Chinese technology. Beijing’s export of  this technology ecosystem may also pose specifc security risks via technical  manipulation or surveillance—including through BeiDou’s noteworthy  two-way messaging capability.