【英文】联合国报告：世界经济形势与展望（28页）

Uncertainties and poor growth prospects  continue to bedevil the world economy. A  confluence of factors – the long reach of the  COVID-19 pandemic, the lingering war in  Ukraine, the ever-worsening impacts of climate  change, and growing policy challenges – has  pushed many countries to the brink, even as  the global picture shows slight improvement.  Stubbornly high inflation in both developed  and developing countries in the aftermath of  the pandemic prompted the most aggressive  interest rate hikes in decades. 

Despite rising  rates, household spending and employment –  especially in the developed economies – have  remained resilient, making it harder for central  banks to tame inflation. Against this backdrop, the deceleration in global  growth for 2023 – as projected earlier – is likely  to be less severe than previously anticipated,  mainly due to persistently robust household  spending in the largest economies, especially  in the United States and the European Union,  as well as the recovery in China. Global growth  is now projected to slow from 3.1 per cent in  2022 to 2.3 per cent in 2023 (up from 1.9 per cent  forecast in January) (figure 1).